This section provides examples of CHP projects, fact sheets and site reports. It is organized by facility type with information about fuel source, prime mover/power production and power capacity.

This section provides examples of CHP projects, fact sheets and site reports. It is organized by facility type with information about fuel source, prime mover/power production and power capacity.

• Technologies
  • Organic rankine cycle (ORC)

  • Kalina

  • Steam boiler

  • Industrial heat pump
• An Overview of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for Moderate Temperatures Less Than 1000ºF, Carolyn Roos, Phd., 2009.
• Waste Heat Management Options -- Industrial Process Heating Systems, Dr. Arvind C. Thekdi, August 2009
• Status of Waste Heat to Power Projects on Natural Gas Pipelines (November 2009) by Bruce Hedman for INGAA. This report reviews the status of waste heat recovery to power projects on pipeline compressor drives in North America as of September 2009, and represents a follow-on analysis to the February 2008 report entitled “Waste Energy Recovery Opportunities for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines”
• Waste Heat Recovery:  Technology and Opportunities in U.S. Industry (March 2008) by BCS for U.S. DOE Industrial Technologies Program. This report investigates industrial waste heat recovery practices, opportunities, and barriers in order to identify technology research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) needed to enable further recovery of industrial waste heat losses.
• Waste Energy Recovery Opportunities for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines (February 2008) by ICF for INGAA. This report summarizes an analysis of three waste energy recovery opportunities applicable to the interstate natural gas pipeline system and also evaluates the current status of pipeline energy recovery projects in the U.S.
• Third Annual Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2007
  Houston, TX
• Second Annual Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2006
  Irvine, CA
• Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2005
  Irvine, CA
• ORC and Kalina: Analysis and Experience. This very technical December 2003 PowerPoint presentation describes and analyzes ORC and Kalina systems.
• ORC – Qualified Energy Recovery. This is a PowerPoint presentation by ORMAT describing ORC and potential applications.

• Technologies
  • Organic rankine cycle (ORC)

  • Kalina

  • Steam boiler

  • Industrial heat pump
• An Overview of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for Moderate Temperatures Less Than 1000ºF, Carolyn Roos, Phd., 2009.
• Waste Heat Management Options -- Industrial Process Heating Systems, Dr. Arvind C. Thekdi, August 2009
• Status of Waste Heat to Power Projects on Natural Gas Pipelines (November 2009) by Bruce Hedman for INGAA. This report reviews the status of waste heat recovery to power projects on pipeline compressor drives in North America as of September 2009, and represents a follow-on analysis to the February 2008 report entitled “Waste Energy Recovery Opportunities for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines”
• Waste Heat Recovery:  Technology and Opportunities in U.S. Industry (March 2008) by BCS for U.S. DOE Industrial Technologies Program. This report investigates industrial waste heat recovery practices, opportunities, and barriers in order to identify technology research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) needed to enable further recovery of industrial waste heat losses.
• Waste Energy Recovery Opportunities for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines (February 2008) by ICF for INGAA. This report summarizes an analysis of three waste energy recovery opportunities applicable to the interstate natural gas pipeline system and also evaluates the current status of pipeline energy recovery projects in the U.S.
• Third Annual Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2007
  Houston, TX
• Second Annual Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2006
  Irvine, CA
• Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2005
  Irvine, CA
• ORC and Kalina: Analysis and Experience. This very technical December 2003 PowerPoint presentation describes and analyzes ORC and Kalina systems.
• ORC – Qualified Energy Recovery. This is a PowerPoint presentation by ORMAT describing ORC and potential applications.

• U.S. Department of Energy Distributed Energy Program fact sheet entitled CHP Technologies Basics. This website has several other excellent CHP publications.
• CHP Fact Sheet: Have you asked all the right questions? This is an important factsheet to avoid project difficulties later.
• U.S. Clean Heat and Power Association’s website has a section titled CHP Basics. This website provides other CHP background information.
• A Review of Existing Cogeneration Facilities in Canada. This March 2004 publication is an excellent primer on CHP technologies and the development of quality CHP systems.

• U.S. Department of Energy Distributed Energy Program fact sheet entitled CHP Technologies Basics. This website has several other excellent CHP publications.
• CHP Fact Sheet: Have you asked all the right questions? This is an important factsheet to avoid project difficulties later.
• U.S. Clean Heat and Power Association’s website has a section titled CHP Basics. This website provides other CHP background information.
• A Review of Existing Cogeneration Facilities in Canada. This March 2004 publication is an excellent primer on CHP technologies and the development of quality CHP systems.

• CHP Fact Sheet: Glossary

• CHP Fact Sheet: Glossary

• DER Equipment and Application. This is a PowerPoint presentation covering the topics of CHP, generation technologies, storage, thermal distribution and applications.
• Equipment Options and Application Alternatives. This paper provides an overview of a broad range of electricity-generating equipment and thermal equipment including both heating and cooling.
• Switchgear Evaluation. This paper is an evaluation of switchgear by the Alaska Energy Authority and Marsh Creek LLC of switchgear used for small (250 kW to 1 MW) mini-grid systems in villages in Alaska. The switchgear connects stand alone power production to village electricity needs.

• DER Equipment and Application. This is a PowerPoint presentation covering the topics of CHP, generation technologies, storage, thermal distribution and applications.
• Equipment Options and Application Alternatives. This paper provides an overview of a broad range of electricity-generating equipment and thermal equipment including both heating and cooling.
• Switchgear Evaluation. This paper is an evaluation of switchgear by the Alaska Energy Authority and Marsh Creek LLC of switchgear used for small (250 kW to 1 MW) mini-grid systems in villages in Alaska. The switchgear connects stand alone power production to village electricity needs.

• CHP Case Studies – Saving Money and Increasing Security. This article by Capstone Turbine Corporation provides an overview of microturbines and gives examples of their use.

• CHP Case Studies – Saving Money and Increasing Security. This article by Capstone Turbine Corporation provides an overview of microturbines and gives examples of their use.

• State of Washington Clean Energy Opportunity: Technical Market Potential for CHP August 2010) What is the technical potential for CHP in Washington? The state of Washington has significant clean energy technical market potential – well over 4000 MW! CHP provides significant energy efficiency improvements and economic benefits as compared to stand-alone power generation.
• Washington State Pulp and Paper Mill Boilers: Current and Potential Renewable Energy Production This 2009 Washington pulp and paper mill boiler study by the University of Washington and in collaboration with Washington State University Extension Energy Program, provides an analysis of the state of boilers in Washington’s pulp and paper mills and the potential for these boilers to provide additional renewable energy and renewable fuels.
• Clean Heat and Power in the Pacific Northwest: Market Assessment This 2004 report provides: 1) A comprehensive review of current CHP capacity in the Pacific Northwest including a database by each state; 2) A review of the economic and technical market potential for additional CHP; 3) A review of barriers and incentives to CHP; and 4) Recommended actions to increase CHP deployment.
• Technical Market Potential for CHP in the Pacific Northwest. This is an overview of CHP market potential by sectors.
• This Combined Heat and Power White Paper, dated January, 2006, was prepared for the Western Governors' Association (WGA) at the invitation of the WGA's Clean and Diversified Energy Advisory Committee.

• State of Washington Clean Energy Opportunity: Technical Market Potential for CHP August 2010) What is the technical potential for CHP in Washington? The state of Washington has significant clean energy technical market potential – well over 4000 MW! CHP provides significant energy efficiency improvements and economic benefits as compared to stand-alone power generation.
• Washington State Pulp and Paper Mill Boilers: Current and Potential Renewable Energy Production This 2009 Washington pulp and paper mill boiler study by the University of Washington and in collaboration with Washington State University Extension Energy Program, provides an analysis of the state of boilers in Washington’s pulp and paper mills and the potential for these boilers to provide additional renewable energy and renewable fuels.
• Clean Heat and Power in the Pacific Northwest: Market Assessment This 2004 report provides: 1) A comprehensive review of current CHP capacity in the Pacific Northwest including a database by each state; 2) A review of the economic and technical market potential for additional CHP; 3) A review of barriers and incentives to CHP; and 4) Recommended actions to increase CHP deployment.
• Technical Market Potential for CHP in the Pacific Northwest. This is an overview of CHP market potential by sectors.
• This Combined Heat and Power White Paper, dated January, 2006, was prepared for the Western Governors' Association (WGA) at the invitation of the WGA's Clean and Diversified Energy Advisory Committee.

• CHP Fact Sheet: Understanding the Lender’s Criteria for Financing. What do financial institutions need from the developer? What are non-recourse loans?
• CHP Fact Sheet: A Clean Heat & Power Project – A Good Business Model. A Veteran’s Administration medical center is used as an example.
• CHP Fact Sheet: Alternative Financing Tips Help Lower the Cost of CHP Projects. Federal facilities are used as the basis to develop this fact sheet.

• CHP Fact Sheet: Understanding the Lender’s Criteria for Financing. What do financial institutions need from the developer? What are non-recourse loans?
• CHP Fact Sheet: A Clean Heat & Power Project – A Good Business Model. A Veteran’s Administration medical center is used as an example.
• CHP Fact Sheet: Alternative Financing Tips Help Lower the Cost of CHP Projects. Federal facilities are used as the basis to develop this fact sheet.

• Comparing Pipes and Wires. This study is a capital cost analysis of energy transmission via natural gas pipelines and overhead electric wires.

• Comparing Pipes and Wires. This study is a capital cost analysis of energy transmission via natural gas pipelines and overhead electric wires.

• Avoiding Distribution System Upgrade Costs Using Distributed Generation. This study analyzed the impact that a number of distributed generation systems had on avoiding electrical distribution system upgrades.
• Freeing the Grid: Best and Worst Practices in State Net Metering Policies and Interconnection Procedures (November 2009) by the Network for New Energy Choices (112 pgs). Freeing the Grid analyzes each state’s approach and likelihood of success in achieving the goals of these policies. It also highlights perennial “head of the class” states which have put in place the best practices to encourage the adoption of renewable energy.
• Model Interconnection Procedures (2009 edition) put out by IREC. IREC’s model procedures were last updated in late 2006. Since then they have identified several important evolutions in best practices and synthesized them into these updated model interconnection procedures.
• Connecting to the Grid: A Guide to Distributed Generation Interconnection Issues (2009, 6th edition). Despite growing demand for a cleaner, more reliable energy source, there remains a lack of uniform policies that allow renewable energy generators to connect to the utility grid. This guide is designed for state regulators and other policymakers, utilities, industry representatives and consumers interested in the development of state-level interconnection standards.

• Avoiding Distribution System Upgrade Costs Using Distributed Generation. This study analyzed the impact that a number of distributed generation systems had on avoiding electrical distribution system upgrades.
• Freeing the Grid: Best and Worst Practices in State Net Metering Policies and Interconnection Procedures (November 2009) by the Network for New Energy Choices (112 pgs). Freeing the Grid analyzes each state’s approach and likelihood of success in achieving the goals of these policies. It also highlights perennial “head of the class” states which have put in place the best practices to encourage the adoption of renewable energy.
• Model Interconnection Procedures (2009 edition) put out by IREC. IREC’s model procedures were last updated in late 2006. Since then they have identified several important evolutions in best practices and synthesized them into these updated model interconnection procedures.
• Connecting to the Grid: A Guide to Distributed Generation Interconnection Issues (2009, 6th edition). Despite growing demand for a cleaner, more reliable energy source, there remains a lack of uniform policies that allow renewable energy generators to connect to the utility grid. This guide is designed for state regulators and other policymakers, utilities, industry representatives and consumers interested in the development of state-level interconnection standards.

• CHP Legal, Institutional and Regulatory Guidebook. This guidebook provides a detailed but not exhaustive review of the legal, institutional and regulatory subject matters surrounding CHP. The guidebook is available on CD from the Northwest CHP Application Center.

• CHP Legal, Institutional and Regulatory Guidebook. This guidebook provides a detailed but not exhaustive review of the legal, institutional and regulatory subject matters surrounding CHP. The guidebook is available on CD from the Northwest CHP Application Center.

• The CHP Pacific Northwest Roadmap. The roadmap was developed October 2002 in Seattle, WA.

• The CHP Pacific Northwest Roadmap. The roadmap was developed October 2002 in Seattle, WA.

• CHP Initiative And Policy Efforts In The Northwest (April, 2007)
• Pacific Northwest Clean Heat and Power Roundtable Proceedings. The Northwest Power and Conservation Council hosted a major roundtable meeting June 2003. Participants prioritized barriers and developed solutions for CHP.
• State Opportunities for Action: Update of States’ Clean Heat and Power Activities. This October 2003 report provides a brief state-by-state review of CHP policies.
• Clean Heat and Power Workshop Report and Next Steps. This is a July 2003 PowerPoint presentation for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council describing the differences in viewpoint of utilities and industry regarding CHP with potential solutions.
• Developing and Deploying Renewable Energy and Clean Heat & Power Technologies – A role for Washington Industry. This November 2002 report provides industry perspectives and recommendations for developing renewable energy and CHP in the Pacific Northwest.

• CHP Initiative And Policy Efforts In The Northwest (April, 2007)
• Pacific Northwest Clean Heat and Power Roundtable Proceedings. The Northwest Power and Conservation Council hosted a major roundtable meeting June 2003. Participants prioritized barriers and developed solutions for CHP.
• State Opportunities for Action: Update of States’ Clean Heat and Power Activities. This October 2003 report provides a brief state-by-state review of CHP policies.
• Clean Heat and Power Workshop Report and Next Steps. This is a July 2003 PowerPoint presentation for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council describing the differences in viewpoint of utilities and industry regarding CHP with potential solutions.
• Developing and Deploying Renewable Energy and Clean Heat & Power Technologies – A role for Washington Industry. This November 2002 report provides industry perspectives and recommendations for developing renewable energy and CHP in the Pacific Northwest.

• Output-Based Regulations: Best Practices, Joel Bluestein, ICF International. Discussion of what Output-Based Regulation is, the enefits of it, how to implement it and who has already implemented it.
• Output Based New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Christian Fellner, U.S. EPA. Discusses original standards and amendments to NSPS and the NSPS for three different stationary source technologies
• Output-based Allocation Methodology under CT’s NOx Budget Programs & CHP Set-Aside under CT’s RGGI Rule, Chris Nelson, CT DEP. Discusses evolution of Connecticut’s allocation methodology for their NBP’s and CHP Set-Aside under their RGGI Rule; Provides comparison chart for NOx allocation methodology; CO2 allocations; Distribution of CO2 allowances; and EPS’s in Connecticut
• Factsheet: EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership. EPA and CHP Partnerships’ factsheet on why output-based environmental regulations are an effective policy to support a clean energy supply. Lists the benefits of using more efficient combustion technologies, ways to incorporate output-based approaches into air regulatory approaches and which states have established OBR’s. WA Air Emission Regulations (RCWs) CO2 mitigation: 80.70 RCW Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 80.80 RCW
• Output-Based Regulations: A Handbook for Air Regulators. Handbook put out by EPA’s Green Power Partnership and the CHP Partnership; Discusses trends supporting increased use of Output-based regulations (OBR’s), what is an OBR, why adopt them, how to develop your own, and examples of OBR’s.
• Guide to Action (EPA). EPA’s document which describes what output-based regulations are, their objective, benefits, and how states can develop their own. Gives state examples.
• Staff Research Brief – Governor’s Energy Policy Council . Energy Policy Brief for Georgia on output-based regulations, why OBR’s are relevant to Georgia’s state energy strategy, how to implement an output-based emission standard. Although this brief was created for Georgia’s energy policy, it presents relevant information for every state.
• Example: Connecticut. Connecticut’s regulations for distributed generators that became effective in 2005. Although this document provides the regulations for owners/operators of distributed generators of Connecticut, elements of it can be used as a guide for operators and/or owners of distributed generators in other states.
• Example: Massachusetts. Massachusetts NOx Allowance Trading Program Regulation that incorporates the Public Benefit Set-Aside Amendments. Discusses purpose and scope of the program, definitions of terms, allowance allocations, etc.
• Report/Rationale/Status: The Regulatory Assistance Project. Discusses generation performance standards in the U.S. electric sector; Provides historical context for state and local air quality control programs, rationale for output-based allocations and emission standards, development of the standards, what the future of output-based emission standards is, and advantages of them for China.

• Output-Based Regulations: Best Practices, Joel Bluestein, ICF International. Discussion of what Output-Based Regulation is, the enefits of it, how to implement it and who has already implemented it.
• Output Based New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Christian Fellner, U.S. EPA. Discusses original standards and amendments to NSPS and the NSPS for three different stationary source technologies
• Output-based Allocation Methodology under CT’s NOx Budget Programs & CHP Set-Aside under CT’s RGGI Rule, Chris Nelson, CT DEP. Discusses evolution of Connecticut’s allocation methodology for their NBP’s and CHP Set-Aside under their RGGI Rule; Provides comparison chart for NOx allocation methodology; CO2 allocations; Distribution of CO2 allowances; and EPS’s in Connecticut
• Factsheet: EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership. EPA and CHP Partnerships’ factsheet on why output-based environmental regulations are an effective policy to support a clean energy supply. Lists the benefits of using more efficient combustion technologies, ways to incorporate output-based approaches into air regulatory approaches and which states have established OBR’s. WA Air Emission Regulations (RCWs) CO2 mitigation: 80.70 RCW Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 80.80 RCW
• Output-Based Regulations: A Handbook for Air Regulators. Handbook put out by EPA’s Green Power Partnership and the CHP Partnership; Discusses trends supporting increased use of Output-based regulations (OBR’s), what is an OBR, why adopt them, how to develop your own, and examples of OBR’s.
• Guide to Action (EPA). EPA’s document which describes what output-based regulations are, their objective, benefits, and how states can develop their own. Gives state examples.
• Staff Research Brief – Governor’s Energy Policy Council . Energy Policy Brief for Georgia on output-based regulations, why OBR’s are relevant to Georgia’s state energy strategy, how to implement an output-based emission standard. Although this brief was created for Georgia’s energy policy, it presents relevant information for every state.
• Example: Connecticut. Connecticut’s regulations for distributed generators that became effective in 2005. Although this document provides the regulations for owners/operators of distributed generators of Connecticut, elements of it can be used as a guide for operators and/or owners of distributed generators in other states.
• Example: Massachusetts. Massachusetts NOx Allowance Trading Program Regulation that incorporates the Public Benefit Set-Aside Amendments. Discusses purpose and scope of the program, definitions of terms, allowance allocations, etc.
• Report/Rationale/Status: The Regulatory Assistance Project. Discusses generation performance standards in the U.S. electric sector; Provides historical context for state and local air quality control programs, rationale for output-based allocations and emission standards, development of the standards, what the future of output-based emission standards is, and advantages of them for China.

• Climate Change: Reduce Greenhouse Gases Profitably. Article about how companies can reap the benefits of a regulatory system through innovations that boost efficiency – and can appeal to both environmentalists and industry alike.
• CHP & Climate Change (May 2007)
• For a report documenting greenhouse gas offsets in the Northwest at the margin (not electrical grid averages) see Marginal Carbon Production Rates of the Northwest Power System by the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (June 2008)
• Western Climate Initiative
• Montana Climate Change Action Plan (November 2007)
• Oregon Strategy for Greenhouse Gas Reductions (December 2004)
• A Framework For Addressing Rapid Climate Change (January 2008)
• The report titled Recommendations for the Development of Agricultural Sector Carbon Offsets in Washington State (October 2008) is a core document for establishing higher carbon offsets percentages which in general enables CHP. For a specific discussion of dairy anaerobic digestion/CHP opportunities see pages 24 to 33.
• The Beyond Waste Implementation Work Group - The Next 50% Report (November 2008) includes Green Electricity sections (CHP). See pages 15 to 20.
• The Energy Efficiency Green Buildings Implementation Work Group Report (November 2008) includes a CHP section. See pages 9-14.

• Climate Change: Reduce Greenhouse Gases Profitably. Article about how companies can reap the benefits of a regulatory system through innovations that boost efficiency – and can appeal to both environmentalists and industry alike.
• CHP & Climate Change (May 2007)
• For a report documenting greenhouse gas offsets in the Northwest at the margin (not electrical grid averages) see Marginal Carbon Production Rates of the Northwest Power System by the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (June 2008)
• Western Climate Initiative
• Montana Climate Change Action Plan (November 2007)
• Oregon Strategy for Greenhouse Gas Reductions (December 2004)
• A Framework For Addressing Rapid Climate Change (January 2008)
• The report titled Recommendations for the Development of Agricultural Sector Carbon Offsets in Washington State (October 2008) is a core document for establishing higher carbon offsets percentages which in general enables CHP. For a specific discussion of dairy anaerobic digestion/CHP opportunities see pages 24 to 33.
• The Beyond Waste Implementation Work Group - The Next 50% Report (November 2008) includes Green Electricity sections (CHP). See pages 15 to 20.
• The Energy Efficiency Green Buildings Implementation Work Group Report (November 2008) includes a CHP section. See pages 9-14.

• Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Economy (July 2009) -- This report by McKinsey Global Energy provides a detailed review of energy efficiency opportunities in the U.S. economy. It includes a 4 page assessment of the potential as well as the existing barriers for CHP in the U.S. The CHP section is on pages 86 – 89 and on pages 93-94 CHP’s fit with carbon reduction strategies are shown. Waste heat recovery potentials in the industrial sector are shown on page 79.

• Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Economy (July 2009) -- This report by McKinsey Global Energy provides a detailed review of energy efficiency opportunities in the U.S. economy. It includes a 4 page assessment of the potential as well as the existing barriers for CHP in the U.S. The CHP section is on pages 86 – 89 and on pages 93-94 CHP’s fit with carbon reduction strategies are shown. Waste heat recovery potentials in the industrial sector are shown on page 79.

• Standby Rates for Customer-Sited Resources - Final Report (December 2009)
• Distributed Generation in Oregon: Overview, Regulatory Barriers and Recommendations (Febrary 2005) -- A study completed by the Oregon Public Utility Commision (OPUC).

• Standby Rates for Customer-Sited Resources - Final Report (December 2009)
• Distributed Generation in Oregon: Overview, Regulatory Barriers and Recommendations (Febrary 2005) -- A study completed by the Oregon Public Utility Commision (OPUC).

• Phase I Feasibility Study – Executive Summary
• Phase 1 Feasibility Study - Final Report (includes Exec. Summary)

• Phase I Feasibility Study – Executive Summary
• Phase 1 Feasibility Study - Final Report (includes Exec. Summary)